So, your statement "The ingredients of the air—oxygen, nitrogen, argon and other gases—though not in a compound but in a mixture, are found in equal proportions at various levels of the atmosphere despite great differences in specific weights." is an outright lie.Let us go to the textbook on atmospheric physics.
The earth's atmosphere is a complex mixture of several "gases", either atomic or molecular in nature. Air consists primarily of N2 (78%) and O2 (21%), with small amounts of several other substances, including Ar (0.9%).
Let us take, as an example, the troposphere.
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/nats104/00lect25atmcompo.htmlNITROGEN 78%
OXYGEN 21%
ARGON 0.9%
Now, the thermosphere.
http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-gases-that-separate-by-weight-upper-layers-469654Thermosphere: 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen
Heavier gases have a greater force of attraction, which is why you find the heavier gases (Oxygen for example) closer to the Earth.
Even in the troposphere, nitrogen is thoroughly mixed with oxygen.
If it were true, then the moment the wind subsides, the nitrogen should stream upward, and the oxygen should drop, preceded by the argon. If winds are caused by a difference in weight between warm and cold air, the difference in weight between heavy gases high in the atmosphere and light gases at the lower levels should create storms, which would subside only after they had carried each gas to its natural place in accordance with its gravity or specific weight. But nothing of the kind happens.Why, then, do not the atmospheric gases separate and stay apart in accordance with the specific gravities?Ozone, though heavier than oxygen, is absent in the lower layers of the atmosphere, is present in the upper layers, and is not subject to the “mixing effect of the wind.” The presence of ozone high in the atmosphere suggests that oxygen must be still higher: “As oxygen is less dense than ozone, it will tend to rise to even greater heights.” Nowhere is it asked why ozone does not descend of its own weight or at least why it is not mixed by the wind with other gases.
Exosphere: Hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, and atomic oxygen.
http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-gases-that-separate-by-weight-upper-layers-469654You have a poor knowledge of atmospheric physics since you wrote:
The upper atmosphere contains only helium and hydrogen, which are much lighter gases.You have dodged the very argument proposed there, the very fact that the barometer pressure paradox CANNOT BE EXPLAINED BY SCIENCE.
One maximum is at 10 a.m., the other at 10 p.m.; the two minima are at 4 a.m. and 4 p.m. The heating effect of the sun can explain neither the time when the maxima appear nor the time of the minima of these semidiurnal variations. If the pressure becomes lower without the air becoming lighter through a lateral expansion due to heat, this must mean that the same mass of air gravitates with changing force at different hours.
Did you know that tides also occur twice a day with 2 high tides and 2 low tides? Can you guess what causes tides? It's the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon on the Earth. Did you know that the Earth's atmosphere is also affected by the gravitational pull of our celestial neighbors? Now you do.Please do your homework.
http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/geol/tides.htmThis atmospheric tide is completely solar, the lunar component being too small to observe.
Do not mix different aspects of the tidal science: atmospheric tides and oceanic tides are two different phenomena.
Did you know that the Earth's atmosphere is also affected by the gravitational pull of our celestial neighbors? Now you do.Your scientific reach is much greater than your scientific grasp.
The Earth is not rotating in space.
The Earth’s surface is composed of similar materials.
Solar heating and loss of infrared radiation cause a temperature gradient of hot air at the equator and cold air at the poles, forcing warm air away from the equator toward the poles.
The velocity should exponentially increase with altitude at the equator from 0 to 1054 mph. Based on the conventional Hadley cycle and Coriolis force model:
If there is a jet stream anywhere it should be east-to-west, at the equator, but it is not.
There is a Northern hemisphere mid-latitude west-to-east jet stream, but that is the wrong location and the wrong direction.
There is a Southern high-latitude east-to-west jet stream, which is the wrong location.
The highest steady winds at altitude anywhere seem to be about 50 knots, way below the rotational predictions.
Hence, it seems that the Earth is not rotating, but variable winds are caused by thermal and pressure gradients. Rotation only seems to be discussed in theory regarding the secondary Coriolis side effect, not the main feature, that is, the transition from an accelerated to an inertial frame. Remember, the Coriolis force is not unique to a rotating Earth; the same inertial forces would be present if the universe rotated around an immobile Earth. Mach’s principle is still in effect, as always. But how can inertial winds of 1054 mph not play a significant role in a predictive model of terrestrial air patterns? It seems that no matter which choice for the atmosphere one takes – that it turns with or does not turn with the Earth – it defies either logic or observation.
If we are on a rotating Earth with air subject only to gravity (i.e., the atmosphere is not coupled or bound by any forces to turn with the Earth), then we would experience tremendous wind problems, in which the spinning Earth encounters the full weight of the atmosphere. (NB: The atmosphere weighs more than 4 million billion tons.) The minor thermal differences between poles and equator would be wiped out by the blast of west-to-east air, that is, the collision of free air and the spinning Earth.
Conversely, if we are on a rotating Earth and somehow this atmosphere is turning with us, what is the coupling mechanism that enables it to do so? It must have some link to provide the torque to continue the coordinated rotation of the Earth with its wrapper of air. Would not a co-turning atmosphere and Earth mean nothing else could move the air? Otherwise, is not the air was acting as a solid, not a gas? No one has proposed a mechanism for this connection of the supposedly spinning Earth to the supposedly spinning air that is so strong that the atmosphere is forced to spin along with Earth, though otherwise it is free to move anywhere that gravity permits! We easily demonstrate the air’s freedom every time we walk through it or breathe it. Yet, we are told, the air obediently follows the Earth as it twirls through the heavens.
Also read the RESTORING FORCES PARADOX:
http://web.archive.org/web/20120726102954/http://www.realityreviewed.com/Restoring%20forces.htm