Tom,
I agree with stack.
Please can you express what your position is on the Soviet space programme. Maybe I'm missing it but you aren't making a coherent position clear.
Do you accept that the USSR (Note, not Russia!!!) did go into space? It seems from your last post that you do.
I urge you to do reading on the subject. It's not speculation. Leonov, Chertok, Titov, Gerovitch, and Chelomei as well as the standard texts by Siddiqi, Clark, Oberg, Cadbury and French and Burgess are valuable texts.