I have to side with Tom that it is a valid question. How do I know they got the right amount of cable? I do not on that first one and my assumption that their initial estimate of the distance was correct is not supported by any evidence. However, they did not change the maps to reflect any change based on the length of cable required to cover that estimated distance, so it is now pretty much known. I once heard way back in the 80's that if they were to send a missile half way around the world, they did not know the exact location of any building to within something like 100 feet. 100 feet for precision bombing might be material, but not important compared to the size of the earth. I know how far it is drive to my sister's house, 214 miles. She knows how far it is to drive to her in-laws, 387 miles. People know how far they have to drive from somewhere to somewhere. Therefore to fly there is the same distance. They can figure out how fast planes can fly because they can drive there as well much of the time. One could argue that planes fly faster or slower over open water of the ocean than they do over lakes. But with all the information available to calibrate, 150 year old transatlantic cables, long distance cross country skiers in the arctic, driving in cars, laying railroad tracks, satellite TV (do we believe these work?), using smart watches to calculate what club to use on the golf course, at some point we have to just accept that things really are where we think they are.