Polarized lenses cut out the light that is coming in straight on, so that only light that comes in at an angle is seen. It is that direct light rays that cause the lensing effect in the eye known as "glare."
I'm pretty sure that isn't what polarized lenses do, and at best they will cut out half the light - because light can be polarized in two directions - which means yes, they will
reduce glare but they do not completely eliminate it and your "examples" prove that, you can clearly see glare in those photos. Try looking at the sun with polarized sunglasses on, see how that goes (actually, don't, you'll probably damage your eyesight). A proper solar filter eliminates almost ALL the light, it has to because the sun is so bright.
https://www.celestron.com/blogs/knowledgebase/how-does-a-solar-filter-workIt is a problem in RE, and it is well admitted. Astronomers can't really explain how it works to have outer layers of the sun 30% dimmer than the body.
Far as I understood your sun is the same as the RE one, just smaller and closer and powered by...something. So why is this not a problem for FE too?
I'm not saying that everything about the sun is understood. Or, if it is, it's not understood by me. But I don't see what point you're making. I mean, you don't understand anything about your made up sun. You don't know how it's powered, why it goes in the orbit it does, what force keeps changing its orbit - if it's going in a circle there must be a force to make it do so, and forces to keep changing height and orbit diameter to cause seasons and moon phases. Your answer to all of this is "unknown". Yet you're claiming that some gaps in knowledge in real science are in some way telling? We understand a lot more than we used to about all kinds of things but it would be arrogant to think we've understood everything. That doesn't mean that everything we've discovered is wrong.