Tintagel, you are of course quite correct. However, my question isn't WHETHER Columbus' trip IS such a proof. We know that its not, & that he, like most people of his time, believed in RE, & could have cared less. My question is, what did Johnson actually BELIEVE that Columbus believed? Rama, thank you, I think that's 1 of the few times you've backed me! But I understood Thork's request for clarification. Thork, that's all the data I have. I'm sorry. Alchemist, I did, although not correctly, which I have made right. I provided direction so Thork could find it himself if he has the book.