Sometimes a few pictures are better than many explanations.
I think I know something which is even better than pictures at explanations: the zetetic method. I think you need to go outside to your yard on a nice bright sunny day, and just fool around with different shapes. This will start to give you an education on how shadows
work. It is rather obvious, in my humble opinion, that you really do not understand how shadows work at all, given the pictures and your annotations.
The reason I claim this is because there is nothing wrong with the photos you have posted. There is no contradiction.
I bet you use shadows to try to disprove the moon landing pictures. Amiright?
Something which might help your efforts is to try to find a professional photographer, and pick their brains about shadows. They use light and shadows quite extensively to produce good images, and thus have obtained a pretty solid intuition about how shadows work.
I have never met a single professional photographer that sees any problem with the moon-landing photos. And I have talked with many.