Earth is moving?
Interesting.
So, at the surface the air must be moving with the earth then at 1040mph ... at the equator. As I move north and south, that air needs to decelerate to a full stop (well but for what must be a huge cyclone at the poles). Also as I travel up into the atmosphere, the air needs to accelerate to get round this bigger circumference. The air, according to your theory must be changing velocity to match location imperceptibly all the time else I would feel that wind rush.
This "massive" speed difference 0 to 1040 mph over 6215 miles is only a change in speed of about 1/6 mph for each mile!
You say "As I move north and south, that air needs to decelerate to a full stop".
That is not quite correct. If you move north (in the Northern Hemisphere) your east-west motion must slow down imperceptible, but only by about 1/6 mph for each mile you move.
"That air needs to decelerate to a full stop" only if the air is being moved all the way to the pole by some other effect, maybe differential heating.
But there would be no "rush"!
There is no relative motion that can cause any slippage. Look at a wheel of your car travelling at 60 mph.
The wheels of my car have a radius of about 15 inches, so over a distance of 15 inches the tyre and wheel's peripheral speed is going from 60 miles per hour to zero.
Why doesn't the wheel tear itself to pieces? There is no relative motion causing slippage.
On the surface, it does seem a sort of a paradox. As we move out from the centre the linear speed is changing but obviously, the can be no "rubbing together" as it is entirely due to rotation.
Air
caused to travel from one latitude to another does need to change velocity and this is the well known Coriolis effect, the cause of rotating high and low-pressure weather systems.
Now, knowing what I know about bodies of air rubbing against each other, why am I not being hit by lightning every 2 seconds as all that shear force generates static electricity?
There are no "bodies of air rubbing against each other" from the above cause. So what you think you "know about bodies of air rubbing against each other" is irrelevant.
But clean dry air "bodies of air rubbing against each other" do not cause static, though air with fine dust particles can charge the dust.
There are "bodies of air rubbing against each other" from temperature differences caused by the uneven heating from the sun.
And with this huge amount of energy transfer to constantly speed the air up or it slow down to keep it travelling the same speed as earth everywhere, regardless of winds, altitude, terrain and of course thermal heating to raise pockets of air, what powers that?
I could equally apply the sea to this same problem?
And your whole premise is still false.
What speeds the sea up as currents go towards the equator? From zero at the poles to over 1000 mph at the equator?
And surely this required power would act as a massive brake on the earth? Constant damping. Forever slowing it down very rapidly (consider the weight of all the air and all the water.)
The same answer as for the air. It needs some other effect to cause the water to move.
You ask, "What speeds the sea up as currents go towards the equator?" Before you ask that you need to ask what is going to make those currents go towards the equator?
The answer to that is that initially it is density changes caused by generally warmer temperature in the tropics and cooler water away from the equator.
And what "speeds the sea up as currents go towards the equator" is energy from the rotating earth but this water has to go back to the slower speed nearer the poles eventually.
That slowing down of the water puts that energy back into the rotating earth.
It's all nicely in balance and initially caused by heat from the sun. Were there no heat from the sun (or other source) it would all settle down.
The earth is not tidally locked. It spins ... at a more or less constant speed with no extra energy being added in to maintain spinning.
There is "no extra energy being added in to maintain spinning" but there is energy added to initially cause the air and ocean currents.
Or is the earth a perpetual motion machine?
No it is not "a perpetual motion machine" and it is measurably slowing down, but mainly due to tidal forces from the moon.
Over the past 27 centuries, the average day has lengthened at a rate of about +1.8 milliseconds (ms) per century, a British research team concluded in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society A
Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2016-12-earth-days-longer.html#jCp
Round earth theory is stupid.
So what holds the sun, moon, planets and stars above your flat earth continually circling around up there with no means of support.
Is it magic?
Are they tethered by an invisible rope to an invisible pole over the North Pole reaching to Polaris?
And what keeps them rotating up there. It cannot be Newton's first law of motion - that would say that they should continue in straight lines.
So I could claim with equal justification that your Flat Earth hypothesis is stupid.
I won't do that because many people seem to sincerely believe it to be so and calling belief in the flat earth stupid would be tantamount to calling those people stupid.