I like the first idea the best - because it relies on no fancy gizmos.
The fancy gizmos are what help modern commercial pilots do what they do; transport goods and humans safely and profitably around the planet 24/7.
So it IS possible to make a rough estimate of the speed an airplane is flying, by measuring the time it takes to cross between certain landmarks. Also, certain farmlands are often parceled into regular plots of known acers. This would likewise help you measure a distance. You’d have to be very careful of course, but this can be done.
Well, to estimate the speed you need the distance and to estimate the distance you need the speed. So if you're trying to estimate the speed with time between known landmarks then you need to know the distance. And the distance comes from a map. That map was derived from surveyors using fancy gizmos or even fancier gizmos like satellite GPS. So just b/c the end output is a number on a piece of paper and not on a screen, it still came from a lot of fancy gizmos to you.
And if you want to believe you can visually count what you think are acres and come up with a distance that's more accurate, or even in the ballpark, than the numbers derived by fancy gizmos, I am very impressed.
It can certainly be done well enough to determine if the speed on the screen is roughly correct or not.
Or, like I said, listen in on the pilots' radio transmissions and see if what they and ATC say jives with what's on the screen in front of you. I've done it and it has. It's not like it's voodoo.