There have been various attempts to explain this and I have difficulty getting my head around them, but the latest one seems to be something like: as things become further away, the lines of perspective converge until we can no longer see the object in question as the perspective lines meet. Apparently, increasing our height of viewing simply widens the perspective lines so that we can see further. There seems to be no real answer to the fact that as something disappears from view we can't even see it with powerful telescopes or binoculars. As a sailor, I can confirm that once something drops over the horizon from eye level viewing, even my binoculars can't see it, but if I climb up the mast, I can, with or without binoculars. That can only be the case if the world is spherical.
Roger