I challenge you to try the "hand and puppet shadow show onto your bedroom wall" with a light source 3 to 6 times the size of your hand.
In other words with a light source 12 to 24 inches in diameter.
Get my drift yet?
Even if the end of a flashlight was two feet in diameter, when you project that light to fill a 10 foot by 10 foot wall, whatever shadows you are creating will enlarge as the light projects against that wall.
Do you not know of the concept of projection?
I understand the concept of projection very well, thank you. I have for the past 60 years or so.
Back there I did quite a bit of film and slide projection, including running repairs on the equipment, so yes, I can claim to "know of the concept of projection"!
Projection
focuses a brightly illuminated object (film frame, LCD image) onto a screen.
The illumination in the case of film or slide projector is a high intensity
collimated light source, often using a part concave spherical mirror an a collimation lens.
The focusing process uses another set of convex lenses.
Now for a "shadow puppet" to cast a
sharp shadow larger than the puppet requires a small light source.
If the light source is much larger than "shadow object" most of the light simple shines past (no need to bend around) the "shadow object". No need for curved light!
Of course, the sun can cast a fairly sharp shadow, but being much further away than the object-screen distance the shadow is almost the same size as the object.
But "the Wiki" explanation of the lunar eclipse has the "shadow object" much closer to the sun than to the moon, with the intention of causing a much enlarged shadow at the moon's location. That shadow must be roughly four times the moon's diameter - remember how those wise Greek stronomers estimated the moon's diameter.
Sketch it out on paper. I don't want to waste my time drawing up a diagram for something so elementary.