All gas has a specified pressure achieved by the size of the container and by the type of throttling.
And it is fixed.
If that gas is heated/cooled, the pressure will change.
Correct.
A rocket does change the temperature of the gas, as shown here in the videos.
Does it work in a vacuum?
Answer - NO, as shown here in the videos.
If the size of the container is changed, the pressure will change.
If the amount of gas is changed, the pressure will change.
A throttle would indirectly change the amount of gas by throttling the inflow or outflow of gas.
How do you conclude, that all gas would have a specified and unchangeable pressure?
What do you think a throttle is for?
It is used to SET the amount of gas being released.
And a throttle is FIXED at a certain amount.
A throttle is most certainly not fixed at a certain amount; the very idea of a throttle is to variably restrain the flow of e.g. fuel.
At least that is the throttle I know from planes, cars, motrocycles, ...
Do you refer to a different kind of throttle?
Nope...
Much like these throttles, the amount is set.
Can it be varied?
Yes.
But a throttle governs the amount of gas released.
When the vacuum is supposedly infinite, there is no chance for the gas to equalize the pressure.
You really should take a closer look at Joule's experiment on Free Expansion.
It specifically compares at a stable initial state and a stable end state.
If the pressure cannot equalize, there will be no end state.
And why would equalization of pressure be relevant in any case? It is not a significant factor for a rocket working in a vacuum.
And you really should look at these videos because they clearly contradict what you are writing here.
Then explain, why you can disregard the requirements for constant temperature and constant amount of gas?
1) Who said there is a requirement for constant temperature?
2) The amount of gas released from a rocket is constant (i.e., the throttle).
- Joule's Law/Experiment. His conclusion was, as the temperature does not change, no work is done. So if the temperature changes, it is not Joules Law of Free Expansion.
His conclusion was that gas, regardless of temperature, released to a vacuum does no work.
These videos show exactly that.
Rocket engines, placed inside a vacuum, changing the temperature of gas, and they still do no work.
- No, it is not. The whole idea of a throttle is to control the thrust of jet engines and rockets, see above.
i.e., limit the amount amount of gas released in the aft direction, as I have been writing all along.
And it is POPULAR SCIENCE, a respected periodical not known to lie to its audience, I think I would trust this more than you.
Well strictly speaking, it does not say "This backward push against the atmosphere produced the equivalent in forward thrust."
But it does sound like they actually meant it the way, you understand it.
I can't tell and I do not know, what they based their conclusions on.
I can tell...
They base their conclusions on SCIENCE!
So how can you tell?
Is there any verifiable scientific description how they reached their conclusions?
Yeah.
Newton's Third...
In the article there isn't, it's just a pretty generic description that obviously is more focused on giving a general idea than specifics. (Which is not a bad thing at all.)
Nope.
Pretty specific in what it states.
The jet releases burnt fuel out the back of the engine in the form of hot gas and that hot gas pushes off the atmosphere, thrusting the plane forward.
Everybody knows this how jets work.
Are you aware, that science itself is not static and that laws/theories/... have often been corrected, specified in more detail or improved by later studies/experiments?
You have no "currently respected science."
You have a bunch of loonies from Quora writing crap...
Actually I have Newton and the established laws of physics, chemistry and thermodynamics.
Applied in a scientifically correct way, they prove that rockets work in a vacuum.
iC
Funny, we seem to have Newton and the established laws of physics, chemistry, and thermodynamics...you got nothing to show as evidence...you could rely on the video evidence here, except for the fact the videos show you are clearly wrong.