Visualize it this way;
Imagine you have a circular field, 2 miles in diameter with a hedge round it, one end of the field is the gate, to the right over the hedge there is a storm on the horizon, to the left over the hedge there are some trees and behind you there is a shed with a basketball and a traffic cone in it. You have a trained ant. (bear with me here)
Take the cone and put it in the centre of the field to represent the sun, take the ball (the earth) and walk to the gate, put your ant at the 45 degree point, i.e. half way up from the horizontal plane and the top of the ball, looking towards the gate and tell it to stay put, but tell it also that north, is the top of the ball.
It is mid-day and imagine we are on the equator, so the sun is directly overhead, this represents Polaris.
Ask the ant what he sees when he looks at the southern sky, he will see the gate with the hedge spreading out both ways, looking to the west, because he is on a ball and north is at the top he will see the hedge & part of the incoming storm and to the east he will be able to see some of the trees, now ask him what he sees when he looks north, he will see the sun. He will not be able to see the cone in the centre of the field because we are emulating night.
Now take the ball and walk round the edge of the field, always keeping the ant towards the hedge, until you are at the shed, ask it the same questions, looking south he will now see the shed, the storm is now reversed and is to the east with the trees now to the west, when he looks north however the sun (Polaris) hasn’t moved, at any time on its trip around the cone, looking south his view will change but looking north the sun/Polaris stays in the same position. Simple.
To be true, the perspective is a little out in the above example. Because we have set the distance of the circle at 2 miles one AU equals 1 mile, therefore the distance to Polaris/sun is 92 million AU instead of the 25 million Au it should be, however the ball should probably be about 3mm diameter and the ant a bacteria, but do you get my point?