Recent Posts

1
Could I suggest using a stationary measuring implement, instead of one you hold? The shaking inevitably produced from holding something at arms length could cause inaccuracies in the results. Maybe something like a ruler on a tripod, where you line your eye up with it and the moon.
2
Flat Earth Theory / Re: Appearance of the sun
« Last post by Realestfake on March 26, 2023, 06:08:36 PM »
This raises the question of why they would claim they have no explanation. Either that‘s them being honest or it’s actually just really complicated coverup 4D chess.

They could easily say they have an absolute indisputable explanation for the different temperatures at each layer of the sun, but they don’t. Are we selectively choosing what “they’re” being honest about? We can take their word that they don’t understand this anomaly with the sun’s atmosphere, but we can’t take their word that satellites *exist*?

I can apply a similar principle to questioning why they would say something such as, say, Enceladus exists and simultaneously say they don’t understand everything about it. FE requires that the high-resolution deep space photos of Enceladus are fake, and at the same time the space agencies are open about not knowing everything about it. I suppose I could just write this off as just really really complex coverup logic.
3
Flat Earth Theory / Re: Appearance of the sun
« Last post by stack on March 25, 2023, 07:26:31 PM »
That doesn't explain why the Sun has layers with radically different temperatures, or why the photosphere is so much cooler than the sun's atmosphere.

Well, you were just remarking on the darkness not on what causes the layers to be which causes darkness.

And your explanation seems to be a projection just like mine seems to be layers. And I didn't describe what causes the layers to work the way they do just like you haven't described what causes the projection.

So where is this projector and how does it operate? That, as well, remains one of the greatest unanswered questions in FET.

You can find various articles which get published every so often which claim to have solved it like any other major problem, but those are not the consensus that it is a mystery in Astronomy. There are "we solved it!" papers published practically every year or two, but the next year something will be published suggesting that it's a mystery. The official stance is generally that it's a mystery.

Even NASA's standard educational materials admit that it's a historic mystery that still persists:

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12903

Quote
Discovering the Sun’s Mysteriously Hot Atmosphere

Something mysterious is going on at the Sun. In defiance of all logic, its atmosphere gets much, much hotter the farther it stretches from the Sun’s blazing surface.

Temperatures in the corona — the Sun’s outer atmosphere — spike to 3 million degrees Fahrenheit, while just 1,000 miles below, the underlying surface simmers at a balmy 10,000 F. How the Sun manages this feat is a mystery that dates back nearly 150 years, and remains one of the greatest unanswered questions in astrophysics. Scientists call it the coronal heating problem.

See: "remains one of the greatest unanswered questions in astrophysics" and look up the definition of "remains".

In FET, how does the projected corona get so hot?
4
Philosophy, Religion & Society / Re: Trump
« Last post by Roundy on March 25, 2023, 05:14:37 PM »
He's just asking questions, folks, not making or implying any argument whatsoever, another useless run of posts brought to you by your friend Markjo.  ::)
5
Flat Earth Theory / Re: Appearance of the sun
« Last post by Tom Bishop on March 25, 2023, 04:57:08 PM »
That doesn't explain why the Sun has layers with radically different temperatures, or why the photosphere is so much cooler than the sun's atmosphere.

You can find various articles which get published every so often which claim to have solved it like any other major problem, but those are not the consensus that it is a mystery in Astronomy. There are "we solved it!" papers published practically every few years, but sometime later something will be published suggesting that it's a mystery. The official stance is generally that it's a mystery.

Even NASA's standard educational materials admit that it's a historic mystery that still persists:

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12903

Quote
Discovering the Sun’s Mysteriously Hot Atmosphere

Something mysterious is going on at the Sun. In defiance of all logic, its atmosphere gets much, much hotter the farther it stretches from the Sun’s blazing surface.

Temperatures in the corona — the Sun’s outer atmosphere — spike to 3 million degrees Fahrenheit, while just 1,000 miles below, the underlying surface simmers at a balmy 10,000 F. How the Sun manages this feat is a mystery that dates back nearly 150 years, and remains one of the greatest unanswered questions in astrophysics. Scientists call it the coronal heating problem.

See: "remains one of the greatest unanswered questions in astrophysics" and look up the definition of "remains".

From an infographic:

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a004600/a004668/MM_FATS_Infographic_w_NASA_ID_print.jpg


6
Philosophy, Religion & Society / Re: Trump
« Last post by markjo on March 25, 2023, 04:55:39 PM »
I doubt it would matter to those who already made up their mind about her credibility.
For sure. Luckily, I'm not one of those people, so I'm not sure why you haven't yet laid out your argument for how accepting hush money for lying about something makes one more credible.
I never said that it did.  I simply asked a question.
7
Flat Earth Theory / Re: Appearance of the sun
« Last post by stack on March 25, 2023, 04:39:42 PM »
The image is somewhat inaccurate. The Sun is not brighter near the edges. The Sun is actually darker near the edges: A long standing mystery in Astronomy.

I don't know if this is correct, but limb darkening doesn't seem to be a "mystery" to astronomy...

The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun that we are most familiar with. Since the Sun is a ball of gas, this is not a solid surface but is actually a layer about 100 km thick (very, very, thin compared to the 700,000 km radius of the Sun). When we look at the center of the disk of the Sun we look straight in and see somewhat hotter and brighter regions. When we look at the limb, or edge, of the solar disk we see light that has taken a slanting path through this layer and we only see through the upper, cooler and dimmer regions. This explains the "limb darkening" that appears as a darkening of the solar disk near the limb.
https://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/surface.shtml

Even lowly olde Britannica gives it a mention:

Such limb darkening occurs because the solar atmosphere increases in temperature with depth. At the centre of the solar disk, an observer sees the deepest and warmest layers that emit the most light. At the limb, only the upper, cooler layers that produce less light can be seen. Observations of solar limb darkening are used to determine the temperature structure of the Sun’s atmosphere.
https://www.britannica.com/science/limb-darkening



You mentioned projection of the celestial bodies on the atmolayer? Where is the projector? And how is it operated?
8
Flat Earth Theory / Re: Appearance of the sun
« Last post by Tom Bishop on March 25, 2023, 01:31:31 PM »
It is interesting that the hotspot in the Solar Eclipse photo above is off-center. That appears hard to describe with the theory that the darkening is a physical property of the sun's dim layers millions of miles behind the Moon.

Under the FE projection scenario, the hotspot being off center when something near the light source interferes with it does make some sense. Consider a wall projector. If you put your hand or object near the light source of a wall projector, it is more possible to change where the hotspot is on the wall due to close range light deflection.

According to RE the phenomenon of the dimmer rim of the Sun is called Limb Darkening, and is a physical property of the sun having different temperatures at different layers:

http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/limb_darkening.html

Quote
Limb Darkening:

Limb darkening is the gradual decrease in brightness of the disk of the Sun or of another star as observed from its centre to its edge, or limb. This phenomenon is readily apparent in photographs of the Sun. The darkening is greatest for blue light, amounting to a drop of as much as 90 percent from the Sun's photosphere to its outer atmospheric regions. Such limb darkening occurs because the solar atmosphere increases in temperature with depth. At the centre of the solar disk, an observer sees the deepest and warmest layers that emit the most light. At the limb, only the upper, cooler layers that produce less light can be seen. Observations of solar limb darkening are used to determine the temperature structure of the Sun's atmosphere. Information derived from such observations is applied in studying other stars.

Excerpt from the Encyclopedia Britannica without permission.

If this darkening is a physical property of the layers of the Sun, it interesting that the Moon can sometimes seem to cause the Sun to darken up, despite that the Sun is supposedly 92 million of miles behind the Moon.

Here is another Solar Eclipse photo of the Sun, from Joshua Tree Park on October 23, 2014:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/joshuatreenp/15609084861



Slight adjustments, see arrows:



The edge of the Moon caused the body of the Sun to darken to an luminosity similar to the Sun's edges.

It seems that this effect doesn't happen in an obvious manner all the time:

https://www.edgeonscience.com/annular_solar_eclipse/



In these cases, it might be that the hotspot is off center a bit like in the first eclipse photo in the previous post, but close enough to the center that it is difficult to tell. Different Sun-Moon distances or different mediums between the Sun and Moon in FE, can possibly cause different effects. In RE it's supposed to be a relative vacuum between the Moon and Sun.

From the above image the central hotspot is potentially slightly off-center, shifted slightly to the left of center of the sun disk:



Photos like this may be ambiguous. But that the Moon should ever seem to cause the Sun to obviously darken at all, or cause the hotspot to be obviously off-center, in some pictures, is certainly deserving of investigation.
9
Flat Earth Theory / Re: Appearance of the sun
« Last post by Tom Bishop on March 25, 2023, 07:30:27 AM »
The image is somewhat inaccurate. The Sun is not brighter near the edges. The Sun is actually darker near the edges: A long standing mystery in Astronomy.

FE postulates that the celestial bodies we see are projections upon the atmolayer. See this page and section of the Wiki which describes the magnification of the Sun's image upon the atmolayer -

https://wiki.tfes.org/Magnification_of_the_Sun_at_Sunset#Sun_Brightness_Inconsistent

Quote
Sun Brightness Inconsistent

Additionally, it should be noted that the sun appears to be inconsistently bright. This is curious, since in the Round Earth model the sun is an object where every point from half of the spherical sun's surface is reaching the eye of the observer. One should expect to see all parts of the sun's body with equal intensity, or with increased intensity at the edges, as intensity is defined by accumulated photons, and the number of miles per square arcsecond increases in those regions.

Find a photo of a Solar Eclipse, which are often taken through a solar filter, and then modify the brightness and contrast settings in order to bring out the areas of the image which are the brightest:



Compare that to the hotspotting seen in a projector's image on a screen:



Source: Hotspotting or brightness inhomogeneity

The hotspot seen in the sun may suggest a projection upon the atmoplane. Projections, such as from a projector shining on a movie screen, tend to have hotspots in them.

Inconsistent Brightness: A Round Earth Mystery

The inconsistent brightness is a problem in RET, and it is well admitted. Astronomers find difficulty in explaining how it works to have outer layers of the sun significantly dimmer than other layers.

Astronomers had to make the surface of the sun, the photosphere, very cold—at only about 6000 degrees Kelvin, compared to the much hotter atmosphere of the sun called the Solar Corona that is about several million degrees Kelvin, which is seen as a wispy aura around the sun seen at Total Solar Eclipse or with a coronagraph; and also significantly different compared to 15 million degrees Kelvin for the Solar Core (Archive). In addition, astronomers had to make the outer cool photosphere layer transparent or semi-transparent so that the radiation from the core could pass through it to the observer.

Article: Solving the Mystery of the Sun's Hot Atmosphere:

  “ The Sun's surface, the photosphere, has a temperature of around 6000 degrees, but the outer atmosphere, the corona -- best seen from Earth during total solar eclipses -- is several hundred times hotter. How the corona is heated to millions of degrees is one of the most significant unsolved problems in astrophysics. ”

  “ Why the Sun's corona is so hot is a long-standing puzzle. It's as if a flame were coming out of an ice cube. It doesn't make any sense! ”
                  —Dr. David H. Brooks, George Mason University

A projection of light would have the effect of inconsistent brightness, with a hot spot at the center, like the hotspot projection example.

The dark edges of the sun can also be seen in this historical reference:

https://wiki.tfes.org/Sun#Sun_Spherical

Quote
The Story of the Stars
New Descriptive Astronomy
Joel Dorman Steele, Ph.D.,

The Solar System p.44

  “ Spots Apparently Change Their Speed and Form as They Pass Across the Disk — A spot is seen on the eastern limb; day by day it progresses, With a gradually-increasing rapidity, until it reaches the center; it then Slowly loses its rapidity, and f‌inally disappears on the western limb. The diagram illustrates the apparent change which takes place in the form. Suppose at f‌irst the spot is of an oval shape; as it approaches the center it apparently widens and becomes circular. Having passed that point, it becomes more and more oval until it disappears. ”

10
Flat Earth Theory / Re: Appearance of the sun
« Last post by Realestfake on March 25, 2023, 04:57:00 AM »
That said, your question is very non-specific. You want "an explanation for why the sun looks the way it does", which honestly gives us absolutely nothing to work with.

Please explain your argument (presumably in favour of RE?), and clarify what it is you'd like to discuss.

Fair question. I’m going to argue under the umbrella of discussing topics that RE has a tidy explanation that FE may or may not have. Whether or not that’s something anyone wants to entertain is up to them.

I was looking for an explanation in the realm of EA that provides a possible alternate explanation to what the science world generally agrees on.